What Is CBT
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a form of talk therapy that focuses on the interconnectedness of thoughts, feelings and behaviors. In CBT, we examine how negative automatic thoughts can negatively influence our feelings and behaviors. Once we are able to recognize our negative automatic thoughts, we work to replace these negative thoughts with more accurate or neutral thoughts.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy is often illustrated through the Cognitive Triangle where thoughts, behaviors, and feelings are each one side of the triangle. This shows how each piece is connected to the other.
How does CBT for children differ from CBT for adults?
CBT for children involves more activities and play therapy techniques than what is used with adults. In sessions, children may engage in reading stories, playing structured games, or having “free play” with the therapist. Through these activities, the therapist and the child explore how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors all connect and apply it to the child’s own life. Sessions are tailored around the child’s interests, age, and developmental level.
When can CBT help? When doesn’t it help?
CBT has been proved effective in treating depression, anxiety, eating disorders, substance use disorders, marital issues and PTSD. (https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/patients-and-families/cognitive-behavioral).
CBT does require clients to do some work outside of therapy to implement skills learned in session. CBT may be less effective for those unable to dedicate time towards implementing skills.
Can I (the parent) be involved in my child’s CBT?
Of course! Parents are always welcome to sit in during their child’s therapy session (depending on the child’s level of comfortability with this). Based on individual and family needs, the therapist may request to meet with the parents individually for a session or meet with the entire family unit for a session. It is essential that parents help their children integrate the skills learned in therapy into their daily lives (such as utilizing healthy coping skills or reframing negative thoughts).
Is child CBT effective?
The American Psychology Association (APA) regards CBT as the leading treatment for adolescents and children with depression (https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/children-and-adolescents). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that CBT is effective for treating depression, anxiety and PTSD in children and adolescents (https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/parent-behavior-therapy.html).
How do I talk to my child about CBT?
Prior to the session, it is important to discuss what therapy is in an age appropriate manner. Children can be told that therapy is a safe space for them to share their emotions and feelings, and that their parent(s) will be there for them throughout the process.
There are also videos and books out there such as “When a donut goes to therapy” to explain the therapy process to children in an engaging way.
How does CBT vary by age, for example young kids vs teens?
With teens, sessions will be more focused on verbal communication instead of activities and play. Teens may work on goal setting, identifying healthy behaviors to meet this goal and more in depth exploration of feelings/behaviors/thoughts. Teens may prefer to meet with their therapist alone and without parents in the session room. This is completely okay and developmentally appropriate. The therapist will still facilitate any needed conversation with the parent about therapy progress and any major concerns regarding treatment.